Latest Offenders

Description

A sex offender from Gillingham who targeted three vulnerable children has been jailed for 22 years.

Roy Humphreys initially abused two young boys in the 1970s through his association with one of their relatives. He befriended them and gained their trust before committing multiple sexual offences. 

A third victim suffered a similar fate around 30 years later. Humphreys gained access to the young child and abused them over an extended period.

His last victim disclosed their ordeal to a trusted relative in 2020, and the police were contacted. Humphreys was detained by detectives on 18 December.

Following his arrest, the previous two victims came forward and gave details of their abuse to investigators.

Humphreys, of Broadway, Gillingham was later charged with 18 sexual offences against children including rape, gross indecency and indecent assault.

He pleaded not guilty but was convicted by a jury of 17 of the indictments on 20 June 2025. On Wednesday 15 October, the 82-year-old was sentenced to 22 years’ imprisonment at Maidstone Crown Court.

The criminal is already subject to a Sexual Harm Prevention Order, which will remain in place indefinitely.

Investigating officer, Detective Constable Emma Davies, said:

‘Humphreys is a vile sexual predator who gained the trust of three young children before committing multiple offences. The appalling impact of his crimes on their lives has been significant and cannot be overstated.

‘I would like to commend the victims for their courage in coming forward to ensure this man has been brought to justice for his decades of offending. I hope this sentence encourages others who have suffered similar abuse in the past to contact us. Our specialist investigators will listen to you and take steps to hold the criminal to account for their actions, no matter how long ago it took place.’

Description

An 80-year-old man from Tewkesbury has been jailed for 17 years for child sexual abuse offences which he committed around 30 years ago.

Michael Thomas Davies, of Knights Way, was sentenced at Swindon Crown Court today, Thursday 16 October.

Following a four-day trial at Gloucester Crown Court in September, a jury unanimously found him guilty of one count of rape and four counts of indecent assault. 

The court heard that Davies sexually assaulted the child on a number of occasions and raped the same child on a separate occasion. 

When sentencing Davies, His Honour Judge James Townsend said:

"I have to sentence you following the conviction of these offences at trial for the most appalling sexual assault of a young teenage girl.

"The abuse started with sexual touching over and under clothing, progressing to penetration and finally rape.

"It's only through the courage from your victim in coming forward that you finally face justice, and I pay tribute to her for that.

"The harrowing victim impact statement which I've read and has been read in court shows the devastating effect that these events have had upon her.

"One of the tragic consequences of offending of this sort is it makes the entirely innocent feel profoundly guilty."

As well as being sentenced to 17 years in prison, which Davies must serve at least two thirds of, he will be ordered to sign the Sex Offenders' Register on his release. He was also given an indefinite restraining order to protect the victim.

A statement from the victim was read to the court on her behalf in which she said she had made numerous attempts to end her life.

She said:

"My name is [name removed] and I was sexually abused as a child. Although it may sound horrific, it is a relief that I can now say that.

"For 30 years I have been trying to understand why I felt like I did, why I couldn't concentrate at school, college and university. Why I hated the way I looked and made bad choices in relationships.

"Although I told people about the abuse, I never felt I would be believed.

"In many respects my life stopped at the point of the abuse, I have remained a child and have never been able to move on. The world kept spinning but I struggled to continue with my life.

"I couldn't focus on my education; I failed my GCSEs; struggled through college and dropped out of university. I was carrying his dark secret that took all my energy. I often wonder what I might have achieved if this had not happened.

"There have been numerous occasions where I have attempted to end my life, because I couldn't cope with what happened to me.

"I don't want anyone to feel as alone as I did all these years, for so long I have lived in the past. I want to escape the torture in my mind, I want to run away from it, but I cannot. I feel weak and guilty, I can never be anything.

"Over the years daily tasks have become impossible due to anxiety and fear. During periods of my life I have been unable to work. I then had the constant worry about money and loss of earnings, and so a vicious cycle ensued.

"I wish I had the strength, encouragement and support to seek justice years ago, instead of suffering alone. Having finally decided to go through the process I have to say it has been very stressful and I was extremely anxious in the time leading up to the trial. For 30 years I have been wondering if anyone would believe me."

Judge Townsend told the court that the abuse by Davies resulted in severe psychological suffering for the victim.

He thanked the victim and her mother for attending court and said:

"I can only hope that the conclusion of these proceedings will help to some extent in helping to reduce the extent of the suffering you’ve undergone over all of these years."

Davies had been charged with the offences after an investigation by Gloucestershire Police's Criminal Investigation Department.

He denied the allegations throughout the investigation and trial, and was convicted by a jury on 25 September. 

His defence barrister told the court during sentencing that Davies is "at heart a good man" and asked the judge to take mercy on him due to his age. He also said that Davies was frightened of spending his last years in prison. 

Investigating officer Detective Constable Emma Smith said:

"The victim in this case has been incredibly brave and I would like to thank her for her perseverance and courage in reporting what Davies did to her.

"When he was aged in his 50s he groomed her over a period of time, raped her and repeatedly sexually abused the victim when she was a child.

"Davies committed the offences around 30 years ago and this conviction shows that sexual abuse, no matter how recent or not, can still be investigated and perpetrators can have their day in court and face justice.

"The victim had contacted the police in the past but felt at that time she was not able to proceed with the prosecution. However, in 2022 she decided she wanted the investigation to go ahead and the case was reopened with Davies subsequently being charged.

"This case shows that you can report incidents or choose to proceed with a prosecution at a time when you want to and feel comfortable in doing so. It is about victims and survivors having a choice."

Description

A man who raped a girl almost thirty years ago has been jailed for six years.

Steven Monk-Dalton, aged 56, who used to reside in Barrow but more recently lived in Ibiza, Spain, was jailed on 10 October after a jury found him guilty of a rape committed in the nineties.

After a four-day trial it took the jury just two hours to come to a unanimous decision.

A judge at Preston Crown Court sentenced him to six years in prison. He was also placed on the Sex Offenders Register.

The incident took place in August 1996 in Barrow and involved one girl.

Investigating Officer DC Kate Edkins said:

“I’d like to commend the victim in this case, now a woman, for her resilience during the entire investigation. Her bravery has shown that offenders of crimes as serious as this can still be brought to justice, no matter how much time has passed.

“Cumbria Police are committed to bringing perpetrators to justice and we will do everything in our power to hold them accountable for their crimes.

“I would encourage anyone who has been a victim of sexual assault or child sexual abuse to contact police so our officers can investigate. You can speak with specialist officers with confidence and will be supported throughout any investigation.”

Description

A man found guilty of rape has had his sentence increased.

Alfie Rowbotham, aged 27 of Walpole Road, King’s Lynn has had his sentence increased to eight and a half years for raping a woman. He appeared at King’s Lynn Crown Court in June 2025 where he was originally sentenced to five and a half years, after being found guilty following an eight-day trial in March 2025.

The sentencing follows an incident on 19 September 2024, where a woman was walking home in the early hours of the morning from a night out in King’s Lynn. The woman was approached by Rowbotham who was walking his dog.

Rowbotham forced himself upon the victim, kissing and groping her before pulling her into an alleyway and raping her.

The victim fled the scene and entered a nearby taxi office for help where staff assisted her and called police.

Officers immediately identified Rowbotham through CCTV enquiries and he was arrested the same day. He was charged and remanded into custody.

Prosecutors from the CPS East of England Area appealed his original sentence for being unduly lenient and it has since been increased by three years following a hearing on 14 October 2025.

Investigating officer, DC Christine Copeman said:

“I would like to commend the victim in this case for her bravery in coming forward and supporting this prosecution.

“I hope that this increased sentence provides her with some level of comfort, knowing he will be behind bars for the foreseeable future.”

Description

A 54-year-old man has been found guilty of multiple sexual and violent offences against women in Fife and Perthshire.

Ian Hendry committed rape, assaults, and serious assaults between 1987 and 2022, and was convicted at the High Court in Edinburgh on October 16, 2025.

The former dog trainer was also found guilty of abusing animals in his care, and will be sentenced at the High Court in Edinburgh on Tuesday, November 25, 2025.

Detective Constable Dan Cogan of Police Scotland said:

"Hendry's offending spanned decades and he subjected women to sustained periods of physical and sexual abuse which continued over a number of years.

"Our thoughts remain with the victims who have had to endure the process of the trial and I thank them for their assistance with our investigations. I hope the verdict today brings them some sense of closure.

"Physical and sexual abuse will not be tolerated and time is no barrier to reporting a crime. I'd urge anyone who is experiencing abuse to report this to us so that we can fully investigate."

Description

A sex offender who subjected a child to prolonged abuse in Margate, beginning in the early 2000s, has been sentenced to 19 years in prison.

Stephen Rilley, 63, of Hastings Avenue, Margate, was found guilty of multiple offences after a Kent Police investigation was launched in January 2025, prompted by the victim coming forward and making a report.

Investigating officers learned that Rilley had used threats of violence to silence and maintain control over the victim, as well as regularly administering sleeping tablets. The abuse spanned nearly two decades.

Rilley pled guilty to 11 charges including multiple counts of rape in August 2025. On Thursday 16 October 2025, he was sentenced to 19 years imprisonment and will serve an additional three years on licence under the terms of an extended sentence. He will also remain on the sex offenders register for the rest of his life.

Detective Constable Chris Radley said:

‘This sentence reflects the gravity of the offences committed and the extent of the suffering endured by the victim over many years. I am pleased that such a depraved man has been brought to justice.

‘I would like to praise the victim for the courage she has shown in not only coming forward, but for her continued involvement in a challenging investigation.’

Description

33-year-old Aqueel Hussain is a dangerous child rapist.

Yesterday he was given a sentence totalling 16 years.

Last year he groomed a 12-year-old girl on Snapchat and told her he was 19.

Eventually they arranged to meet at a Asda in Colne on 28th November.

The victim went to the shopping centre with a friend, but that friend had to leave. Having never met the victim or her friend, Hussain agreed to book and pay for the victim’s friends’ taxi on an online booking platform.

CCTV footage captured Hussain accompanying the victim, who was dressed in her school uniform, into Asda where he bought her a phone charger.

After they left the store, Hussain invited her into his white BMW car. After driving to a secluded spot in the carpark, Hussain got into the back of his vehicle sand said he would give his victim £100 if she joined in. It was while the victim was in the back of the BMW that Hussain raped her.

The matter was reported to police after the victim began to get bullied at school as a direct result of the incident.

Our officers managed to identify Hussain from the mobile number he used to book the taxi.

We visited a property in Blackburn and although Hussain wasn’t there at the time, the same distinctive trousers he was wearing in the CCTV footage the day he committed the rape were found in a locked bedroom.

While our officers were on their way to a second property linked to Hussain in Blackburn, they spotted his white BMW.

After briefly following Hussain, the BMW was stopped and he was arrested on suspicion of rape. He was wearing the same jumper and jacket he had been wearing in the CCTV footage the day he committed the rape.

Following consultation with the Crown Prosecution Service, Hussain, formerly of Irene Place, Blackburn, but now of no fixed address, was charged with rape and meeting a girl under 16 years of age following grooming.

Hussain was found guilty following a trial at Preston Crown Court earlier this year. He returned to the same court yesterday where he was jailed for 15 years and given an extended licence period of 12 months after a Judge deemed him to be a dangerous offender. Hussain was also made subject of an indefinite Sexual Harm Prevention order and ordered to sign the Sex Offenders Register for life.

In an impact statement to the court, the victim’s mum said:

“Being a parent doesn’t come with instructions. I was prepared for tantrums, arguments, and a bit of sass when my daughter started high school, but no phone call from her Head of Year or Parenting Book could ever of prepared me for the police standing in my kitchen putting my daughter’s school uniform into evidence bags.
“Everything unfolded in slow motion. Wondering how did this happen? How did we get here?
“My daughter’s social life quickly deteriorated, and at school she became a target once more as students had found out. We decided it was best to pull her from public education temporarily.
“As the months went by and the Exploitation Team helped her, she regained some confidence to go out and see friends. We were all so proud of her for making what would be small steps in the average person’s day to day life but a massive step in my daughter’s life.
“It felt like we were getting our vibrant, chatty, wild, full of life daughter back. Until we got to June and my daughter spent five days in hospital recovering from an overdose.
“Since June, my daughter has made positive baby steps towards a brighter future, returning to education part time.
“The impact that has had on our family has been tremendous. But my daughter is the strongest, bravest person I know. Thanks to her courage, nobody else will hopefully have to suffer because of this man’s actions. I could not be any more proud of her.”

DC Kiren Shah, of our East Child Protection Team, said: 

“Hussain is a dangerous pervert with an depraved sexual interest in female children. I welcome the significant sentence he has received which reflects the seriousness of his offending.
“I want to praise the victim for the immense bravery she has shown throughout this process. The significant impact this offending has had and continues to have on her life – and that of her family – is profound. I hope the punishment handed down to Hussain will assist her in continuing to rebuild her life.
“I would also like to appeal to the public to be vigilant and if they see something that doesn’t seem right, to please report it to us. In this case for instance, there was a vulnerable child in school uniform walking around a busy supermarket with a much older man.
“Finally, I was to thank my colleagues, particularly those in the East Child Protection Team, for their tenacity in identifying Hussain and bringing him to justice. He made deliberate attempts to evade justice, including falsely claiming he was handing himself in, but it was thanks to the determination of Child Protection Team patrols and our Immediate Response colleagues, that he was located and arrested. They have played a crucial role in taking a dangerous man off the streets of East Lancashire.”

Description

A Wakefield man has been jailed for a number of sex offences against a girl.

Christopher Ackroyd was found guilty of the offences at a trial in August.

He was convicted of one count of attempted rape, four counts of causing a child under 13 to engage in sexual activity, one count of sexual assault of a child under 13 and one count of causing a child to watch a sexual act.

Ackroyd was also found guilty of witness intimidation.

The offences were all reported to have taken place earlier this decade.

Appearing before Leeds Crown Court for sentencing today (16/10), Ackroyd, aged 32, of Wasdale Road, Wakefield, was jailed for 10 years (nine years for the sexual offences and a further one year to be served consecutively for witness intimidation).

He was also given a lifetime Sexual Harm Prevention Order and made to sign the Sex Offenders Register for life.

The conviction follows an investigation by detectives from Wakefield’s District Safeguarding Unit.

Speaking after the sentencing Detective Constable Khi Smith said:

“First and foremost, I would like to thank the victim for coming forward, for talking to us and trusting us.  

“Her courage and bravery throughout this investigation have been key to ensuring that Ackroyd was convicted of these horrendous offences.

“He is a dangerous sexual predator, and I hope that his prison sentence brings her some comfort as she begins to move forward with her life.

“The close partnership working that has taken place between police and other agencies during the course of this investigation has ensured the victim had confidence in telling us what took place.

“West Yorkshire Police has dedicated safeguarding detectives across the entire force who are experienced in investigating non-recent sexual offences. We would encourage victims of this kind of offending to come forward. What you tell us will be investigated and you will be believed.”

Description

A man has been jailed for multiple sex offences including rape.

Jayke Bullivant was sentenced after previously pleading guilty to multiple offences including rape, attempted rape, sexual abuse of a child and inciting a child in sexual activity.

The 19-year-old from Sutton Coldfield admitted the offences at Birmingham Crown Court on 14 October last year, and he was jailed last Wednesday (8 October).

The investigation started back in December 2023 when Bullivant was found to be with a child who was reported missing to us. He was then charged with several inciting a child to engage in sexual activity offences.

Officers continued to investigate and found that Bullivant had raped a child on two separate occasions, and as a result, he was further charged.

Bullivant, of Falcon Lodge Crescent, has been jailed for nine years with an extended licence for eight years, and he was given a sexual harm prevention order, and will be on the sex offenders register for the rest of his life.

DC Amelia Rose and DC Joshua Gemmell, from West Midland’s Police, said:

“This sentence is reflective of the abuse suffered by four child victims.

"They have all shown immense courage throughout this investigation.

"We encourage anyone who has suffered abuse to come forward. You will be supported, and you will be believed."

Description

A 19-year-old teenager was caught on CCTV performing a sex act involving a metal rocking horse and a tree branch at Burn Valley Park in Hartlepool last October.

Two camera operators witnessed Callum Green committing the act live and alerted police, who arrested him on Rydal Street.

Green, of Alston Street, admitted criminal damage to the playground but denied outraging public decency.

At Teesside Magistrates' Court on Wednesday (October 15), it was heard that the rocking horse "required professional cleaning" after the early-morning incident.

Defense lawyer Tyler Plunkett agreed with the facts but argued the outraging charge didn't apply, as it wasn't in front of at least two public members.

Prosecutor Anne Mitchell countered: "It is the Crown’s case that both [CCTV operators] were witnessing the events in live CCTV."

District Judge Helen Cousins, addressing Green—who wore a light blue suit and tie—called the incident "unedifying to say the least."

She ruled: "I take the view that time has moved on and watching on a live feed does amount to being present. I therefore reject the submissions and find the case proved."

Noting Green as a "very young man," she ordered a pre-sentence report, adding: "All options are open so far as sentencing is concerned. I want to know more about you, what motivated these offences and what I can do about it."

Green was granted conditional bail, barring him from Burn Valley Gardens or any recreational playground in Cleveland, with sentencing set for November 14.

Description

A drunken 61-year-old man, Marin Cristea, of Melbourne Street, west Hull, targeted two young children in a park, kissing them in "unpleasant and upsetting" encounters that left them shocked and anxious. He later kissed a woman in an "unsettling" street confrontation, Hull Crown Court heard.

Cristea admitted sexually assaulting a child under 13 twice on August 17 last year and assaulting a woman on February 22 this year. He had prior convictions, including a 2023 assault where he grabbed a child's wrist in Pearson Park after seeking a fist bump.

Prosecutor Jazmine Lee said Cristea approached a 12-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy playing in the park, speaking unintelligibly in non-English. He kissed the girl's hand and cheek, and the boy's hand and mouth. The boy's mother intervened, and Cristea left. The girl felt "freaked out," spotted him staring the next day, and police arrested the apparently drunk man after a chase. She later described lasting anxiety about going out alone, feeling shocked and scared.

On the day of the woman's assault, at 8am en route to Pilates, Cristea—drunk and unsteady—thrust his head into her car window, then kissed her hand and cheek despite her recoiling and trying to flee. He blocked her path, leaving her panicked and trapped until she escaped and called 999. She now feels on edge around men.

Mitigator Stephen Robinson noted the offences occurred while drunk, involved only kissing with no sensitive touching, and "went no further." Cristea apologized, blamed excessive drinking in downtime despite factory work, accepted custody, and hoped to return to Romania and his adult daughter, realizing "there is very little for him here."

Judge Alexander Menary said: "These offences have had an obvious impact on the victims. It was unsettling for them and interfered with their daily routines thereafter."

Cristea was jailed for one year, given a 10-year sexual harm prevention order, and must register as a sex offender for 10 years.

Description

Curtis Arnold Convicted of Fraud and Sexual Offenses, Subject to 10-Year SHPO

Curtis Arnold, 36, now using the alias Daniel James Edwards aka “DJE MEDIA,” deceived women and teenage girls in London gyms by offering fake “leggings modelling” opportunities. Posing as a sportswear company executive, he tricked them into wearing revealing workout clothing while secretly filming them.

Court Details: Convictions and Sentencing

In 2019 at Harrow Crown Court, Arnold pleaded guilty to:

• 12 counts of fraud
• 1 count of voyeurism
• 1 count of causing sexual activity without consent
• 1 count of making indecent images of a child

The judge described Arnold’s actions as an “elaborate deception” over three years, involving a fake business and partner to pressure victims into exposing poses. Some victims discovered their videos and photos had been shared online. One victim was 17 years old.

Arnold was sentenced to 40 months in prison, later reduced to 34 months. Judge Dean imposed a 10-year Sexual Harm Prevention Order (SHPO), effective until February 2029.

SHPO Restrictions

The SHPO prohibits Arnold from:

• Owning or using devices capable of storing digital images unless approved by police
• Installing encryption or data-wiping software beyond standard device requirements

He is also required to register on the Sex Offenders Register.

Denial and Legal Clarity

When confronted, Arnold claimed his convictions were “spent” and denied ongoing restrictions. However, the law states: “A Sexual Harm Prevention Order remains fully enforceable for its full term regardless of spent convictions or completed custodial sentences.”

Facts Summary

• Name: Curtis Arnold (alias: Daniel James Edwards, “DJE MEDIA”)
• Court: Harrow Crown Court
• Convictions: 12 fraud, 1 voyeurism, 1 causing sexual activity without consent, 1 making indecent images of a child
• Sentence: 34 months imprisonment
• SHPO: Active until February 2029
• Sex Offenders Register: Mandatory registration
• The SHPO ensures ongoing monitoring and compliance.

Description

A former teacher at a school in Southampton has been jailed after admitting non-recent sexual offences against three teenage girls.

Leo Norman, of Peartree Avenue, Southampton, was jailed for 14 months at a sentence hearing today (Friday 17 October) at Portsmouth Crown Court.

The 46-year-old was a teacher at St Anne’s Catholic School and Sixth Form College at the time of the offences, which took place between 2014 and 2019.

Norman had pleaded guilty to three counts of sexual activity with a girl 13 to 17 - adult abuse of position of trust, at a previous hearing at the same court on Monday 11 August.

Two impact statements were read out in court. They were from two of the women who were abused by Norman when they were teenage girls at the school, and they detailed the impact of Norman’s offending.

The court heard that some of the offending involved sexual touching which had taken place on school premises, including in Norman’s office. He had also made inappropriate comments to then pupils, which left them feeling uncomfortable.

An investigation was carried out by Hampshire & Isle of Wight Constabulary’s specialist Operation Marmion team, who investigate allegations of non-recent sexual abuse perpetrated within institutions or by people of prominence.

At the sentence hearing, Norman was put on the sexual offenders register and made subject of a Sexual Harm Prevention Order for ten years.

Detective Constable Laura Hardie said:

“This is a shocking case where a teacher has abused his position of trust to sexually abuse three teenage girls. These offences took place on separate occasions over a period of a number of years.

“I want to commend the women in this case for the bravery they have shown in talking to police and recounting their experience. In doing so, they have helped bring Norman to justice.

“We know how difficult reporting incidents of this nature can be, and I hope this case shows that no matter when the offence took place, you will be listened to and the matter will be investigated thoroughly.

“As a survivor of sexual abuse, you are also entitled to support whether you report the crime or not. You can access different types of support depending on how you’re feeling and what you decide to do next.”

Description

A man from Neath Port Talbot has been jailed after pleading guilty to possessing indecent images of children.

26-year-old Darren Rogers, from Alltwen, uploaded one Category A indecent video of a child to his Snapchat account in January 2024. Officers arrested Rogers at his home address, before further child sexual abuse material was found on devices belonging to him.

Rogers pleaded guilty to four counts of possessing an indecent photograph of a child, one count of possessing a prohibited image of a child, and one count of possessing an extreme pornographic image showing sexual activity involving an animal.

He also pleaded guilty to seven counts of engaging in sexual communication with a child and one count each of distributing an indecent photograph of a child and causing a child to look at an image of sexual activity.

He has been sentenced to two years and two months in prison. He has also been made subject of a Sexual Harm Prevention Order (SHPO) for a period of ten years.

Detective Constable Adam Staniforth said:

“Darren Rogers was in possession of incredibly depraved material, and he knew this to be illegal.

“Rogers was using Snapchat to view and share this material, and it is fortunate that this came to light before his offending escalated any further.

“He was exploiting vulnerable children for his own sexual gratification, and he is now embarking on a deserved spell in prison as a result.

“As a force, South Wales Police will leave no stone unturned in the protection and safeguarding of children.”

Description

A 53-year-old Plymouth man, Nicholas Stanyon-Tall, of Kiln Close, was sentenced to 18 years in jail after a jury convicted him at Plymouth Crown Court of four counts of rape against two girls under 16, plus two counts of sexual assault.

The offences occurred in Plymouth over a four-year period in the 2000s. Stanyon-Tall had denied the charges; the victims cannot be identified for legal reasons.

Judge Robert Linford imposed an 18-year sentence with a one-year extended licence for each rape, and five years for each sexual assault, all concurrent. He also received a 30-year Sexual Harm Prevention Order, lifelong placement on the Sex Offenders' Register, a 30-year restraining order barring contact with the victims, and lifelong barring from the Disclosure and Barring Service.

Lead investigator Det Con Fiona Archer said:

"We welcome the Jury's verdict and the Judge's sentence in this case. The victims now have some justice for the suffering they received as children, and we hope they can begin to move forward with their lives.

"They have conducted themselves in an exemplary manner and have been very patient whilst this case has been brought to court. Nicholas Stanyon-Tall subjected the victims to abhorrent sexual abuse on numerous occasions.

"He will now serve a long prison sentence and be subject of continued monitoring once released. We thank all those involved for their part in bringing Nicholas Stanyon-Tall to justice."